A. Pengertian
Narrative Text
Pertama-tama
yang akan kita pelajari dalam materi narrative text ini adalah pengertian
narrative text. Kita harus paham terlebih dahulu apa itu narrative text.
“A
narrative (or story) is any report of connected events, presented in a sequence
of written or spoken words, and/or in a sequence of (moving) pictures.”
Atau jika diterjemahkan, maka yang dimaksud
dengan Narrative text adalah jenis genre yang rangkaian peristiwa atau ceritanya
dari waktu ke waktu dan dijabarkan dengan urutan awal, tengah dan akhir. Jadi
harus kronologis, maksudnya kronologis itu diceritakan secara runtut dan tidak
boleh loncat-loncat.
B. Generic
Structure of Narrative Text
Adapun struktur dari narrative text adalah
sebagai berikut:
- Orientation: pendahuluan atau pembuka yang berupa pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan
tempat.
- Complication: pengembangan konflik atau pemunculan masalah pada cerita.
- Resolution: penyelesaian konflik atau langkah yang diambil untuk merespons
masalah.
- Re-orientation: ungkapan – ungkapan penutup
yang menunjukan berakhirnya suatu cerita. Re-orientation bersifat
opsional atau tidak selalu ada pada narrative text.
- Coda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran/ nilai moral yang
bisa dipetik dari cerita. Coda juga bersifat
opsional.
C. Language
Features of Narrative Text
Pada umumnya, narrative text memiliki
unsur kebahasaan sebagai berikut:
- Noun: pada umumnya kata benda (noun) digunakan sebagai kata ganti
orang hewan, atau benda dalam cerita, misalnya stepmother, the
dwarfs, carriage, dan lain-lain.
- Past tense: narrative text menggunakan kata kerja bentuk lampau
(verb 2), misalnya went, ate, met, dan
lain-lain.
- Time connective: merupakan kata penghubung
waktu untuk mengurutkan kejadian, misalnya after, before, after
that, dan lain sebagainya.
- Action verbs: kata kerja yang menunjukan peristiwa atau kegiatan, misalnya stayed,
climbed, wrote, dan lain-lain.
- Saying and thinking verb: kata kerja yang menunjukan
pelaporan atau ujaran, misalnya said, told, thought, dan
lain sebagainya.
D. Kinds
of Narrative Text
- Fable
(fabel):
Cerita yang menggambarkan tentang binatang.
- Legend
(legenda):
Cerita rakyat yang menggambarkan bagaimana asal usul suatu tempat itu
terjadi
- Myth
(mite):
Cerita mitos ini banyak beredar dalam masyarakat dan umumnya diaggap
sebagi cerita faktual.
- Fairy
tales (dongeng):
Cerita rakyat yang biasanya disebut sebagai dongeng atau cerita anak-anak
yang berisi banyak keajaiaban pada tokoh-tokoh ceritanya dan sering
mangandung pesan moral
- Folk
tale (cerita rakyat): Sebuah cerita yang dituturkan turun temurun
sehingga menjadi bagian dari tradisi suatu masyarakat
- Love
story : kalau
cerita cinta ini lebih pada tema ceritanya yang berisi perjuangan untuk
mendapatkan cinta bagi tokoh cerita.
E. Contoh
Narrative Text
The Legend of Malin
Kundang
(Orientation)
A
long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and
her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single
parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin
Kundang had to live hard with his mother
(Events)
Malin
Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to
catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the
caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a
merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped
the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the
pirates.
The
merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin
Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left
his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge
ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a
beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on
a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast
in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”. An old woman
ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s
mother.
She
wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time.
Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well
dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three
times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At
last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a
mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews
to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full
of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that
he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed
and really set sail
(Resolution)
In
the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it
was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of
his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid
his curse. Suddenly,
he turned into a stone.
Terjemahannya:
The Legend of Malin
Kundang
(Orietation)
A
long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and
her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single
parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin
Kundang had to live hard with his mother
(Events)
Malin
Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to
catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the
caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a
merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped
the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the
pirates.
The
merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin
Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left
his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge
ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had
a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed
on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran
fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”. An old
woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s
mother.
She
wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time.
Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well
dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three
times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At
last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a
mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews
to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full
of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that
he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed
and really set sail
(Resolution)
In
the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it
was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of
his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid
his curse. Suddenly,
he turned into a stone.
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